Method of producing phase displacement.



No. 658,8I5. Patented Oct. 2, I900.

W. STANLEY.

METHOD OF PRODUCING PHASE DISPLACEMENT.

Uu 'umion filed May 2, 1900.

' 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(Nov Model.)

No. 658,815. Patented Oct. 2. I900.. W. STANLEY. mmnon 0F PBODUCING PHASE DISPLACEM ENT.

(Application filed May 2, 1900.)

2 Sheets$heet 2.-

(No Model.)

INVENTOR WITNESSES:

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' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM STANLEY, OF GREAT BARRINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY INSTRUMENT COMPANY, OF MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF PRODUCING PHASE DISPLACEMENT.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 658,815, dated October 2, 1900.

Application filed May 2, 1900. Serial No. 15,165. (No specimens To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM STANLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Great Barrington,Berkshire county,Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Producing Alternating Magnetic Flux Displaced in Phase from the Impressed Electromotive Force, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

I My invention relates to improvements in methods of producing alternating magnetic fluxes displaced in phase from the phase of the electromotive force of the energizing-current; and it consists in producing certain magnetic actions and reactions so related as to produce that result, and has for its object to provide a simple, convenient, and reliable 4 method of obtaining this end.

The following is a description of my invention, together with the apparatus with which it may be practiced, reference being had'to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a side elevation of suitable apparatus. Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is V a diagram illustrating the various forces and their resultants. Figs. 4c, 5, and 6 show other forms of apparatus with which the invention may be practiced.

In carrying out the invention I employ an iron or soft-steel core A, laminated-to prevent eddy-currents in the usual manner, which core nearly embraces theenergizing-coil B, as shown i l.Eig. 1,111 which a principal magnetic circuit follows the line 1 2 5 6, while a subsidiary magnetic circuit follows the line 1 2 3 4 5 6. The magnetic circuit is opened at C and D, and the flux is caused to pass across air-gaps at these points, each of which is of such dimensions that the paths 1 2 5 6 and l 2 3 4 5 6 have a constant coefficient of induction and are of low magnetic reluctance.

From this construction it is evident that the value of the flux found in the gaps C and D will be inversely as the reluctances of these gaps, so, that by adjusting the reluctance of either the value of the flux in the one or the other may be adjusted with great exactness and that the inductance of the system, and consequently the time constant of the apparatus, can be made Very great by making the value of either air-gap reluctance comparatively low. The gap C is therefore made so small as to make the time constant very great, but not so narrow as to prevent an appreciable flux passingacross the gap D. Such an Now I have discovered that by inserting an electrically-closed-circuited system-such, for instance, as a disk E, of conducting material-in the air-gap D, I can act upon the magnetic flux passing through said gap so as to cause the effective flux to no longer coincide with the phase of that passing through the gap C or 'the phase of the current in the coil B, but to be delayed by the magnetizing effect of the eddy-currents induced in the disk E, and, further, I have discovered that the phase angle of the efiective or resultant flux of the gap D depends upon the conductivity of the inserted closed-circuited system. In constructing apparatus to carry out my invention, therefore,so as to obtain,for instance, ninety degrees displacement, having made an electromagnetic system having an air-gap of such reluctance that the current in theenergizing-coil is retarded in the neighborhood of eighty degrees behind the impressed electromotive force by the self-induction of the energizing-coil, I insert within the gap in said system a closed-circuited conducting system of such conductivity that the currents induced therein shall set up a magnetomotive force, which acting with the magnetomotive force due to the current in the energizing-coil shall produce a resultant effective flux displaced from the phase of the current in the energizing-coil by the complement of its angle of lag. These forces and. their resultants are diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 3, in which it t' represents the electromotive force of the system, and tj the phase angle of the current in the coil B and the phase angle and strength of the magnetomotive force across the gap D due to the coil B. 1' it represents both the phase angle and strength of the magnetomotive force due to the eddy-currents in the disk E, and i Z represents the resultant of the magnetomotive forces tj and t' k, which resultant is displaced in phase from the original magnetomotive force t'j by the angle j i Z, which is the complement ofj 't' h, the angle of lag of the current in the coil B making the angle of the resultant'or effective fiux ninety degrees from the electromotive force of the system.

It is to be noted that the magnetism threading the coil B is not appreciably alfected by the presence of the disk E, the reactive efiect of the current induced in the disk being substantially confined to the magnetic circuit 2 3 4 5.

It will be seen that the principles which I employ in the above-described apparatus to effect the desired result are a magnetic circuit of very high inductance having a definite air-gap, and consequently a fixed and definite time constant independent of any reactive effects occurring by reason of the use of the flux used in the apparatus, and a second path for a part of the flux having a definite air-gap, and consequently a definite time constant, in which is located a conductive circuit for the purpose of modifying the time of the fiux in the path which it embraces, to the end that the common fiux passing through the coil D may pass through two branches, one of which will be delayed in phase behind the other by the angle which, added to the angle of current lag in the energizing-coil, makes the desired displacement.

Fig. 4 represents another means for carrying out the invention, in which E is the energizing-coil upon a central projection F, there being two air-gaps H and D, in one of which is placed the conducting-disk E, the other preferably containing a non-magnetic material, the volume of flux across the gap D depending on the relative width of the gap H. hen the coil B is energized, the flux passes in part through the circuit 7 8 9 l0 and in part through the circuit 7 1O 11 12, while the magnetism due to the induced currents "in the disk E is confined to the magnetic circuit 7 8 9 1O 11 12, producing in the gap D a resultant elfective fiuX of ninety degrees displacement when constructed With proper pro.- portions in substantially the same manner as in the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2.

In Fig. 5 there are two energizing-coils B. B and five gaps D I l J J the flux from the coils B B passing in part through the entire circuit and in part through their local circuits, while the reacting magnetizing effect of currents in the disk E is confined to the circuit l3 l4 l5 16.

In the construction shown in Fig. 6 there are four energizing-coils B B B B arranged in series and wound upon U-shaped magnets, so as to produce poles of alternately-different eela'rity, the magnets being arranged so as to form two air-gaps D D in which is placed the disk E. Each of the U-shaped magnets has two magnetic paths through local circuits 2O 17 l8 l9 and 24 21 22 23, respectively, and also a common circuit through 1'7 18 19 2O 21 22 23 24, the local circuits being formed by the parts K K which are separated from the main path of the magnets by gaps m, filled with non-magnetic matter. The flux across the gaps D D- depends on the width of the gapsm. In this case the reaction of the eddycurrents in the disk E is expended in the local circuit 17 2O 21 24, and in this way but little aifects the energizing-coils.

The ninetydegreesdisplacementof the magnetic flux relatively to the electro motive force of the system is in these last two constructions also obtained by making the disks of such conductivity that the magnetomotive forces due to their eddy-currents will be of such phase and strength that, acting with the magnetomotive forces due to the energizingcoils, they will produce resultants differing in phase from the magnetomotive forces of said coils. by the complement of the angle of lag of the current in the energizing-circuit.

What I claim is- 1. The method of producing a fiux of definite angular displacement from the electromotive force impressed upon a circuit which consists in producing a flux of lesser angular displacement than that required by means of a current in a simple coil of high inductance and fixed time constant and by such flux inducing secondary currents within a closed conductor difiering in phase from said energizing-currents and so located that the time of flow of such secondary currents cannot change the time constant of the energizing coil or coils and thereby producing a resultant fiux having the desired angular displacement, substantially as described.

2. The method of producing a flux displaced by a definite amount relatively to the phase of the impressedelectromotive force which consists in producing by a coil traversed by current due to said impressed electromotive force, a primary magnetomotive force of lesser angular displacement than thatv required, and by the flux due to said primary magnetomotive force inducing secondary cuiyrents within a closed circuit, setting up a secondary magnetomotive force by said, secondary circuits and thereby a fiux in 5 a definite path coinciding in part that of the flux due to said primary magnetomotive force, but not passing through said energizing-coil, and combining said primary and secondary magnetomotive forces at a common portion of their paths and so as to produce a resultant magnetomotive force and consequent flux having the desired phase displacement, substantially as described.

3. The methodof producingan alternating magnetic flux displaced by ninety degrees from the electromotive force of the system which consists in energizing by an alternating current an open magnetic circuit of high inductance and, thereby producing magnetomotive forces greatly lagging behind theelectromotive force of the system and producing thereby a divided flux, inducing by one division of said flux alternating currents, said inducted alternating currents setting up magnetomotive forces such'that when combined with said division of the magnetomotive forces clue to the energizing-coil shall produce in said gap as a resultant an alternating magnetomotive force and flux displaced from the electromotive force of the system by ninety degrees, and combining said magnetomotive forces, substantially as described.

4. The method of producing a magnetic flux having a phase difference of ninety degrees relatively to the electromotive force of the system, Which consists in producing an energizing-current displaced in phase by an an-" gle of near eighty degrees and thereby setting up in a magnetic circuit of high inductance a magnetomotive force displaced from said electromotive force by a corresponding angle and inducing in a closed-circuited system by the flux due to said magnetoniotive force alternating currents displaced in phase therefrom, and producing by said induced currents a magnetomotive force of proper strength and phase not, affecting the timeconstant of the circuit carrying the energiiing-current and combining said magnetomotive force with the magnetomotive force due to the energizing-coil so as to produce a resultant or effective flux differing in phase from the magnetizing-current by the complement of its own angle of lag, and from the electromotive force of the system by ninety degrees, substantially as described.

Signed at Great Barrington, Massachusetts, this 28th day of April, 1900.

WILLIAM STANLEY.

- Witnesses:

JOSEPH O. FREIN, J OHN S. STONE. 

